Middle School vs. High School Essay

One, the end of one’s evaluation school years, and the other, a door to youthful adulthood. Center school and High school, two significant occasions of a youthful person’s life, share a few likenesses and numerous distinctions. Center school, much the same as its title clarifies, is when understudies are stuck in youth and youthful adulthood. Individuals begin to develop from prior rudimentary years, and attempt to discover what their identity is. While during the time spent attempting to fit in, new companion bunches are molded and as opposed to being one major gathering of individuals, circles structure and gatherings are isolated. Notwithstanding more colleagues and instructors, duties increment as understudies assume the heap of various classes, and now get grades for their work. Educators anticipate that them should take an interest effectively in class, and complete their assignments on schedule. In spite of the fact that it just endures 3 years, center school is the basic transitional period when new educators, new colleagues, more classes, and more work are acquainted all with set you up for secondary school. After eighth grade, individuals leave the center school air pocket, and advance to the wilderness of secondary school. Not exclusively is the grounds genuinely bigger, yet class sizes increment, and extraordinary desires join it. Albeit center school may have appeared to be a test, secondary school accompanies by and by more work and more duties. For understudies, secondary school is a do or die second, and some battle to remain above water. Some may experience difficulty centering in school, yet the perfect understudy is finishing their schoolwork on schedule, reading for their tests, going to rehearse for their extracurricular exercises, and accomplishing a good evaluation point normal, that will all result and get them into their fantasy school. Not exclusively is the work diverse between the two situations, yet so is the measure of opportunity understudies get. In center school, kids are limited to a specific educational plan. The timetable they get, is the calendar they get, and nothing is evolving. Some portion of their timetable, lunch, is additionally a period that is likewise altogether different in center school. All understudies are required to have lunch in a similar room simultaneously, and snacks incorporate a decision between riddle meat, or last week’s wieners masked as soup. As opposed to center school, in secondary school, understudies are allowed substantially more opportunity. Understudies can pick which classes they will take, what instructors they have, what gatherings or clubs they will take an interest in, what sports they will play, and considerably more. Not exclusively would students be able to pick the entirety of their exercises, yet understudies additionally have numerous choices for what they need to eat. Secondary schools regularly convey mainstream nourishments, for example, tram, burgers, and French fries, and sound nourishments, for example, natural product, and servings of mixed greens. Just on the off chance that the school food isn't sufficient, numerous secondary schools frequently permit upperclassman to leave for lunch to appreciate a supper in their own home, or food from another eatery. Generally, secondary school and center school are both made to get ready understudies for advanced education, yet are totally different in numerous angles. As we as a whole develop more seasoned, we can perceive how we have changed from center school to secondary school, and can see the numerous differentiations between the two.

Human Resource Management at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Human Resource Management at Work - Essay Example uum however the key here is that this zone needs to work under a more extensive system that joins it to the methodology of the firm; outer variables are seen as influencing it separated from the inward factors. The HRM considers all the individual and gathering related that is aggregate relations, various human asset practices, strategies and procedure, exercises sought after by the HR expert, union’s job, building up some HR rehearses that will furnish the association with an edge, worker security or it can even take a shot at consolidating some authoritative change. These are a portion of the components that can be worked upon and therefore are structured in a way to build the presentation of an association by powerful HR the board. Likewise as the case infers that Brendon Jones Inc. is a help giving organization, and hence the workers are the key resources of the association. The 200 representatives found in working at 10 relaxation outlets were working at the bleeding edge. They were fundamentally answerable for acquiring the business. Managing the clients and keeping up the relationship was the best and most significant factor for the association like Brendon Jones. Taking a gander at the today’s working condition Human Resource Management is considerably more significant than any time in recent memory. The elements of overseeing and creating individuals are seen basic to pick up enhancements in the exhibition of an association. The equivalent was the situation in Brendon Jones; there were changes occurring, the organization was purchased by a corporate venture organization. It resembled an adjustment in the possession structure. Representatives working with the first author were by one way or another used to of the approaches and techniques. In any case, as its being referenced for the situation that there was no HR supervisor; it’s not the assignment of Finance and Administration executive to deal with issues that are identified with human workforce. Consequently as to settle the provokes identified with lessening the work turnover and to keeping up

WWJD What Would Joshua Do

WWJD What Would Joshua Do Recently, a friend of mine stood in her local grocer’s checkout line, fumbling with her wallet’s zipper, preparing to make an impulse purchase. But then, suspended in the queue, she was given time to question the item she was about to buy. She pondered the item carefully and asked herself a question: What would Joshua do? If I were there in her shoes, would I make this purchase? No, she thought, and promptly returned the item to the shelf. When she told me about her experience, she joked she should buy one of those WWJD? braceletsâ€"the ones so popular in the 90sâ€"to help her avoid compulsory consumption. I laughed, but then I realized I, too, could benefit from making more frequent use of this questionâ€"and so could others. I don’t expect, or even want, anyone to walk around asking themselves, What would Joshua do? Please don’t. At least not aloud. Rather, it’s a question I should ask myself: What would the best version of me do in this situation? Likewise, what would the best version of you do? What would Chris do? What would Katie do? What would your best self do? Would the best version of me put off writing until tomorrow? Would the best version of you sleep an extra hour and skip the gym? Would the best version of me eat the frosted donut? Would the best version of you lie to your boss? Would the best version of me procrastinate, buy things I don’t need, or ignore a friend in need? Perhaps this question, when employed habitually, can help us change our priorities. It’s certainly a question worth asking. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Client Evaluation Client And Client Essay - 791 Words

On 1/6/2016, CM met with the client to complete Bi-Weekly ILP Review. Client in the meeting appears to be cooperative and friendly. Client ambulates with a cane due to chronic back problems. She was well groomed. Client is very guarded and she is reluctant is disclosing information. SOCIAL SUPPORT UPDATE: client reports she has one sister that is currently residing in Florida. She refuses to disclose any information. She reports no community support. HOUSING PLAN: client reported she is not open to SRO. Client psychosocial evaluation is not completed because client does not want to disclose any information to staff and she stated she prefer for her psychiatrist to do both psychiatric and psychosocial evaluation. She also mentioned a few days ago she submitted a letter from a psychiatrist stating she doesn’t have any mental disorder. Client met for a conference meeting and in the meeting it was mentioned to the client that the shelter need a more comprehensive psychiatric evaluation. It was also mentioned to the client is for housing purpose. Today in the meeting client was very combative and argumentative. She mentioned to CM she went on the DHS website and she doesn’t see the purpose or the reason of providing psychosocial psychiatric evaluation. Client housing plan: Project reconnect, Linc 4, Linc 6 or SEPS If recently evicted, Family Reunification and SRO. CM advises client to provide copy of social security card, birth certificate, psychosocial and psychiatricShow MoreRelatedAn Evaluation Of The Client1861 Words   |  8 PagesOverview The client is a 42 year old white male who has been court ordered to receive bereavement counseling. The client is currently living in Trumann with a friend while he is closing on a house. He was born and raised in the north east Arkansas area. The client completed the 12th grade and attended college for two years at Arkansas State University. While attending college the client was an active member of the college Rugby team. The client stopped attending college in order to join theRead MoreEvaluation : Client And Family Evaluation946 Words   |  4 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Evaluation Client and Family Evaluation Bonnie Quick Ivy Tech Community College-Bloomington â€Æ' The family unit A healthy family should create and sustain an environment which promotes emotional and physical health and psychological well-being of its members. To fulfill this function, families should know how to nurture, support, encourage, protect, teach, create boundaries and structure, and work together as a team. Steven and his family have had addiction as part of their liveRead MoreEvaluation Of An Effective Meeting With A Client1344 Words   |  6 PagesCompleting the initial contact with the client showed me both areas in which I need improving and areas I did well. After speaking with classmates and receiving feedback from my supervisor I was able to better understand what others thought of my interview. Seemingly, main areas of concern during the interview were to maintain professionalism, practice self-reflection, show empathy, conduct the interview in a thorough manner, and avoid any personal biases during the interaction. The concerns forRead MoreEvaluation Of The Client s Rights914 Words   |  4 Pages the client’s rights, informed consent are providing clients with enough information about the counseling process to be able to make informed choices and educate clients about their rights and responsibilities. Confidentiality is essential, but not absolute. One exception is the information is made an issue in a court action. Informed consent, outlines the boundaries of the relationship between the evaluee, which is another term for the client (Nunez, 2011). Traditionally, rehabilitation counselorsRead MoreComprehensive Evaluation Of An Elderly Client1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to complete a comprehensive evaluation on an elderly client. This comprehensive evaluation will give a brief history of the elderly client, along with a detailed evaluation of the client’s health status and maintenance. The elderly client of choice for this paper is Adejumoke Adewunmi. Ms. Adewunmi is a 63 year old, African female who lives in Baltimore, Maryland. Ms. Adewunmi was born on January 21, 1951, is a widow, and has four adult children who reside in the stateRead MoreEvaluation Of A Client With A Potential For Ppd889 Words   |  4 PagesTiming is key! It is outstanding to know that PPD is definitely treatable, especially when caught early. Two well-known assessments can be used when evaluating a client with a potential for PPD; these two tests are the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS). The EPDS is used as a screening assessment tool, not a diagnostic tool; It is used to pull out women who may need follow-up care. This assessment should be completed preferably twiceRead MoreEvaluation Of Handgun Safety Among The Clinic s Clients2178 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscussion of firearm safety among the clinic’s clients. The program is well considered but does not have the best public health quality. This questionnaire may catch some clients’ attention to firearm safety at first and they perhaps would take some further steps to learn more about this issue by themselves. The questionnaire method, however, may obtain an incomplete or even false result. It is highly possible that dishonesty and disguise happens when the clients answer private questions like these. What’sRead MoreEvaluation And Evaluation Of The Client And The Family Through Treatments And Interventions Of An Evidence Base Treatment Essay1322 Words   |   6 Pages This research paper will show the integrate theory, research, and practice that relates to the client and the family through treatments and interventions of an evidence base treatment. The focused of this research is on traumatic experiences that has an major affect on the client and their family. The case that is chosen is on a child sexual abuse case. I will be exploring evidence base treatments and deciding which treatment can benefit the child and the parent. This research will include a summaryRead MoreEvaluation Of Effective Strategies And Techniques That Can Assist Client For Obtaining Resources And Achieving His Goals763 Words   |  4 Pagesassist client in obtaining resources and achieving his goals. Coordination services among internal programs and other providers will cultivate positive results, in strengthening client’s ability to achieve his goal and overcome his problems. The initial intervention plan is to replace client’s problem behaviors with positive behavior by highlighting his strengths and providing meaningful reinforcements. For instance, client often gets angry with his mother or peers, to solve this situation client canRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of the Engagement and Psychosocial Asessment of a Client Living with Psychosis in the Health and Social Care Practitioners Work Setting.3271 Words   |  14 Pagesa critical evaluation of the engagement and psychosocial assessment of a client living with psychosis in the community. It provides a critical and analytical account which encapsulates assessments, psycho education, problem solving, implementation and evaluation of strategies used. I will also use Gibbs (1988) model of reflection to reflect on my assessment process and how learning can be taken forward in terms of my own practice development and that of the service setting. My client l shall call

Friendly Cards - 972 Words

Friendly Cards, Inc. By: 1. Should Friendly Cards purchase the envelope machine? If so, how? Friendly Cards would be able to purchase the machine for $500,000. This machine would be able to produce the same amount of envelopes that it is currently purchasing for 1.5 million in 1987. The†¦show more content†¦This capital will reduces its financial ratios so they meet the restrictions if it issues the new equity, but it might not be sustainable for the coming years because it is not reoccurring cash flow and Friendly Cards will need to borrow more capital for further growth. If the sales continue to grow at the current rate in the future the ratios could increase again. This would not be good for long-term growth due to the fact that it will sell its stock for a discount and if the other two options are executed the extra capital will not be necessary (See Exhibit 4). New ratios with the issue of new equity (Assuming both envelope machine and Creative Design acquisition take place) | Actual Data | | Projected Data | Ratios | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | Bank loan / Receivables | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.87 | | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.80 | Liabilities / Equity | 3.00 | 5.22 | 4.72 | | 2.47 | 2.36 | 2.28 | Interest bearing debt / Equity | 1.91 | 3.51 | 3.13 | | 1.49 | 1.42 | 1.35 | Another reason is that this equity will come at a high cost due to the fact that it will lower the EPS and dilute the shares. Due to the stock markets recent crash and down turn, the shares will be sold at a discount and is not worth the capital at this time. Friendly Cards should not sell shares at this time. It will be better off purchasing the envelope machine and acquiring Creative Design Inc to bring itsShow MoreRelatedFriendly Card1090 Words   |  5 Pages ESTIMATION OF GROWTH RATES The value of a firm is ultimately determined not by current cash flows but by expected future cash flows. The estimation of growth rates in earnings and cash flows is therefore central to doing a reasonable valuation. Growth rates can be obtained in many ways: they can be based upon past growth; drawn from estimates made by other analysts who follow the firm; or related to the firms fundamentals. Since each of these approaches yields some valuable information, it makesRead MoreFriendly Cards Case Analysis3519 Words   |  15 PagesInvestment Decisions Summary of Facts Friendly Cards, Inc. (first named Beaumont Greeting Card Co.) is a greeting card company started in 1978, in New York City by Wendy Beaumont. The company has experienced rapid growth, acquiring like companies and expanding its market base. The company became public through a stock offering at $3 per share. From an operational viewpoint, Friendly cards performed all production at its plant in Reading, Connecticut. Company sales include nearly 30% from ChristmasRead MoreFriendly Cards, Inc Essay3470 Words   |  14 PagesFriendly Cards, Inc. Statement of the problem: Amy McConville, a friend and financial consultant of Wendy Beaumont, the president of Friendly Cards Inc., needs to come up with some suggestions concerning the financing of Friendlys expansion. Amy has been doing research on the firm and money is tight right now. The cost of financing growth right now is high and Friendly Cards is projecting 20% growth in sales next year and even more the following year. The company has never been withoutRead MoreMy Best Friends Invited Me With Pizza And A Friendly Game Of Cards And The Broca s Area878 Words   |  4 PagesMy best friends invited me over for pizza and a friendly game of cards and the Broca’s area, which deals with language and speech; the hippocampus, that plays a crucial part in memory; the hypothalamus, partly controlling my body’s endocrine and hormone- producing system and the occipital lobe allowing me to see all that goes on around me, all are parts of my brain which was involved during the evening of eating p izza, socializing, and playing cards with my friends. First, the part of the brain thatRead MoreEco Friendly Housekeeping3828 Words   |  16 PagesHotels†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 4. Eco- Friendly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 5. The Origin†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 6. Ecotels†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.............8 7. ECOTEL Certification Services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 8. Eco Friendly Concept†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 9. First World Ecotel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.............12 10. First Ecotel In India†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 11. Housekeeping †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 12. Housekeeping and Eco-Friendly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..............15 13. Eco Friendly Amenities Products and Processes†¦15 14. Eco Friendly Housekeeping †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.17 15. Eco Friendly Products†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreMy Experience with Target Essay648 Words   |  3 Pageswalked with me towards the counter as I was about to make a purchase. As it was my second time to shop there, she asked me whether I would like to have a Target Master card, she provided me with information about how I can earn the rewards and benefits from using that card. She helped me in following the procedures for applying the card. Ms Aayats professionalism and ability to get to the bottom of the situation quickly exceeded my expectations and I left the store with smile. Later, I thought toRead MoreCase Study Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagessexual harassment policy. Prior to Lewistons termination he was a senior maintenance employee with an above-average work record who had worked for the PCUSD for eleven years. He had been a widower since 2003 and was described by his coworkers as a friendly, outgoing, but lonely individual. Beverly Gilbury was a fifth-grade teacher working in the districts Advanced Learning Program. She was twenty-eight years old and married and had worked for PCUSD for six years. At the time of the incidents, LewistonRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Criticism988 Words   |  4 Pages but is a hallmark of solid pedagogy and maintenance of interpersonal relations. Positive criticism is the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one. Like for example, â€Å"Criticism from bosses can be har d to swallow. But research shows there are more constructive ways for managers to deliver negative feedback, and that bosses should use positive comments aRead MoreThe Ultimate Guide For Clash Royale2252 Words   |  10 Pagesto Clash Royale Clash Royale is a unique game that includes different kinds of cards, different levels of cards, towers, spells and much more. The goal of the game is to destroy the other teams towers. You have three minutes to do so by the end of that time whoever has destroyed more towers. If you have the same amount then you will go into a one minute overtime (but a three minute overtime will be had if in a friendly battle or challenge) where whoever takes the next tower first wins. However, ifRead MoreStrapped, By Tamara Draut884 Words   |  4 Pageswith the burden of credit card debt. Draut argues that college campuses aren’t sufficiently regulating card companies on campus, therefore putting their students at risk for debt. Subsequently, Draut also presents her opinion on credit card debt in the excerpt, â€Å"Strapped.† She discusses how credit card debt can negatively affect the lives of many young adults, which may lead to more problems down the road. She informs young college students about the dangers of credit cards. Draut explains that irresponsible

Letter Format Free Essays

This letter illustrates the use of the full-block style. Because of the efficiency with which this letter can be keyboarded, its use is growing in popularity. (blank line between paragraphs) Some persons object to this letter style because everything is at the left margin; they believe that the date and closing lines should be centered or started at the center of the page. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter Format or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others would like to indent the first line of each paragraph. 80th variations are acceptable; the letter style is known as modified block style. Notice that the â€Å"open† style of punctuation is used in this letter; there are no marks of punctuation after the salutation (greeting) or complimentary close. However, it is acceptable, regardless of the letter style, to use â€Å"mixed† punctuation, which requires a colon (:) after the salutation and a comma after the complimentary close. Finally, notice how your title is shown after your name on the first line of the inside address. However, my title is on the next line in the closing. We try to equalize the line length by doing so. A comma is required if you place the title on the same line as the person’s name. (blank line before complimentary close) Sincerely (three blank lines before typed signature) How to cite Letter Format, Papers

Myanmar Environmental Analysis Essay Example

Myanmar Environmental Analysis Paper Followed extraction, which accounted for about 92% of total wood removal in 2000, is significant compared to roundworm removals as more than of total primary energy in Manner is still supplied by followed. 4. To address deforestation, the government has established forest reserves with a policy target of 30% of the total land area. Starting from a base of 15% in 1 985, protected forest increased to about 26% in 2006. Expenditure on forest conservation also increased in response to the threat of forest depletion, with annual spending growing almost 90 times in nominal terms during 1988-?2007. Forest laminations received about 27% of the total annual budget in 2007; other forest management activities received smaller shares of the budget (e. G. , natural regeneration expenditure was 1. 87% and forestry research and forestry training expenditure was 1 . 79%). Forest management has been strengthened through the adoption of sound policy and institutional measures. A 30-year forestry master plan formulated in 2002 addressed principle shortcomings in forest management and gave greater attention to elements such as forestry extension, community forestry, agro-forestry, followed energy savings, and human resource development. Land degradation, particularly soil erosion in upland agricultural areas and dry zones, is an increasing problem in Manner. Vulnerable farming area as a percentage of the country’s total cultivated area was estimated at 33% in 2008. Natural processes in vulnerable farming areas are aggravated by human interventions such as excessive forest harvesting, monogramming practices, and shifting cultivation. We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar Environmental Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Growth in the upland human population is a key pressure that is closely correlated with land degradation and land productivity changes. From 1 This assessment summarizes and updates Manner’s natural resources and environment status and trends, as documented in the government’s national environmental performance assessment report, 2007-2010, which was prepared under regional technical assistance provided by the Asian Development Bank. See Asian Development Bank. 2005. Core Environment Program and Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong submersion. Manila (RATE 6289). 2 1980 to 2008, the upland population increased by 7 million to 17. 5 million people, or about 30% of the national population. 6. To address land degradation, the government is promoting various conservation and land rehabilitation programs. Targets have been set for the reclamation of permanent sloping agriculture land and slash-and-burn areas to safeguard productivity. Despite such initiatives, areas treated under land rehabilitation program have lagged behind total crop sown areas. The growing population in upland areas has resulted in a large expansion in crop sown areas, while multiple cropping has become more common and conservation programs have not kept pace. While total crop sown areas increased from 10. Million hectares in 1 985 to 22. 3 million in 2008, rehabilitated agriculture land as a percentage of the total crop sown area dropped from 12% in 1975 to 3% in 008. If the decline in funding for conservation and rehabilitation measures is not reversed, the problem of land degradation and vulnerable farmland will worsen. The government recognizes that more work is needed to safeguard the productivity of upland farms under pressure from growing populations through extension support on soil conservation methods and provision of related technologies to farmers. . Climate change only recently became a high priority in Manner. The government’s perspective changed fundamentally in 2008 after tropical Cyclone Margins caused catastrophic destruction and loss of lives and livelihoods. Manner’s vulnerability to climate change is now widely recognized. Potential climate change impacts on Manner include incremental sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion, loss of mangroves, higher incidence of droughts, loss of biodiversity and ecosystems such as wetlands, and loss of land resources. Manner is already experiencing some effects of climate change: a clear trend in rising temperatures, shorter monsoon duration, and greater frequency of intense rainfall and severe cyclones along Manners coastline. 8. While climate change is mainly related to global phenomena, national actions in Manner re contributing to both climate change and the country’s vulnerability in terms of human health impact, agricultural security, and loss of biodiversity. Deforestation is of particular concern as decreasing forest cover and quality reduce adaptive capacity and the potential to absorb greenhouse gases. Forest fires represent an additional climate change pressure, especially in the dry forests that dominate the central part of the country. 9. The government is responding to climate change risk and vulnerability, quickly putting in place a national plan for disaster risk reduction. Although the government has not et a national policy target, Manner has made several international commitments, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ratified in 1994 and the related Kyoto Protocol ratified in 2003. Mitigation and adaptation measures encompass various policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities. Generally, the government is devoting attention to improving understanding of climatic conditions and trends, and the links to underlying pressures such as deforestation. Targets and objectives for increasing forest plantation and promoting the use of alternative fuels are also being set. 0. Manner’s rising population and accelerating economic development are generating increasing volumes of solid waste. This represents a challenge to municipalities concerned about the environmental and human health consequences of inadequate waste management practices. While solid waste generation per capita has remained constant or declined in large cities such as Mandalay and Yang, total waste generation is increasing as urban populations expand. About 22% of municipal solid waste in Manner is recyclable; the remainder is 3 managed through other disposal methods, predominantly open landfills ND to a lesser extent incineration. 1 1. Urban solid waste management can be improved considerably. While the expenditure on waste collection and disposal in large cities has generally been satisfactory, additional spending is needed to improve long-term waste management nationally. More spending on waste collection vehicles will be required to improve coverage and efficiency, while investment is needed in more modern and reliable disposal systems, including replacing open dumps with sanitary landfills and installing environmentally appropriate incineration plants. An expansion of solid waste election and disposal to other cities is also needed as the situation remains unsatisfactory in second-tier cities and towns where performance has stagnated or even deteriorated slightly. 12. Manner has a rich natural capital endowment, encompassing significant ecological biodiversity features such as (I) wet and dry evergreen forests in the southern part of the country, (ii) deciduous dipterous forests and thorn scrub in the central part, and (iii) sub-alpine forests in the north. Large, slow-flowing rivers and lakes support extensive freshwater ecosystems, while expansive seacoasts with tidal mangroves sustain vital marine ecosystems. 13. Manner’s biodiversity is under increasing threat, especially in the Indo-Manner hot spot where economic development and human population growth is placing pressure on natural habitats and species populations. The major contributors to biodiversity loss are (I) the conversion of closed forests for other land uses, (ii) SSH fitting cultivation, (iii) weak regulation and control of commercial exploitation and trade in endangered flora and fauna, and (iv) lack of sufficient environmental impact assessment and integration of biodiversity encores into development activities affecting land use change. Forest degradation is particularly important in terms of terrestrial biodiversity, potentially affecting about 36% of threatened mammals and birds. In addition, the loss of wetlands and grasslands is threatening bird species. For example, mangrove forests declined 72% from 253,018 hectares in 1924 to 71. 716 hectares in 2008. 14. The government has responded to biodiversity loss primarily by establishing protected areas. To promote the conservation of the biological diversity of ecosystems, habitats, and biomass, the overspent in 1 980 set a national policy target to establish a network of protected areas covering 5% of the country’s total area by 2010. The protected area network expanded steadily, particularly during 1996-2004, and now comprises 34 protected areas equivalent to 4. 5% of total land area. The government has also been increasing efforts to prevent illegal wildlife trade. In 1 997, Manner acceded to CITES, an international treaty to protect wildlife against exploitation. The government has been taking action to minimize or prevent illegal wildlife trade through its law enforcement departments. 15. Mining has become one of the country’s key development sectors in recent years, attracting considerable foreign investment and generating important export earnings. Manner is endowed with a variety of mineral resources as well as high-quality gems and precious stones. Exploitable reserves of industrial minerals are also available. Mining production grew at an average rate of 15. 5% a year during 2001-?2006, faster than gross domestic product growth. 16. Awareness of environmental disturbances caused by mining is increasing, but this has not been accompanied by substantive regulatory responses. While Manner lacks a cantonal policy target for environmental improvement in the mining sector, some relevant sector policies exist. The 1994 Mines Law is intended to protect against the environmental damage caused by mining operations, and to restrict mine operators from conducting any activities that may have 4 detrimental effects on the public. All mines are supposed to be subject to regular inspection, monitoring, and reporting. However, training of personnel to monitor the mines is inadequate, and the air and water quality data needed to assess the impacts and effectiveness of control and mitigation measures are limited. Recognizing these limitations, the government is devoting more attention to monitoring of environmental quality in mining areas. The mining industry is also being required to improve environmental data acquisition and reporting, ensure compliance with applicable industry standards, and adopt best practices. B. Policy and Institutional Framework 17. The government is working to put in place the policies, laws, and regulations needed to properly manage the country’s natural resources and environment. These encompass (I) environment policy and legislation, (ii) a sustainable development strategy, (iii) forest policy and master planning, (iv) a diversity protection area system, (v) soil conservation and land rehabilitation programs, (vi) disaster risk reduction planning, and (vii) mining legislation. The challenge now is to build on this policy base through improved implementation, which will require significant strengthening of financial and human resources, as well as greater awareness of environmental issues. 18. The recent formation of the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry demonstrates the government’s commitment to improving the planning and management of natural resources and the environment. The 201 2 Environment Conservation Law revised the legal basis for implementing a range of enhanced environmental management measures. Attention now needs to shift to drafting corresponding regulations to enact legislation, including regulations and technical guidelines on environmental safeguards and pollution abatement. Developing such regulations and guidelines, and creating the enabling conditions for their effective implementation, will require substantial effort and technical expertise. In addition, government capacity to undertake environmental monitoring will need to be built and institutional links forged to ensure necessary interagency coordination on environmental management. C. The Way Ahead 19. The natural environment in Manner remains generally pristine, reflecting the vastness of the resources, the area they cover, their inaccessibility, and the isolation of the country both physically and (until recently) economically. Manner still contains some of the most unique physical and biological natural resources in Southeast Asia and the world. Fledgling policies are in place to protect these resources, but serious pressures have been placed on them recently and these are likely to intensify. The financial, human, and logistical resources available to counteract these erasures are limited, even with the expectation of international support. A pragmatic approach for preserving and conserving the country’s natural resources and environmental values may be to identify priority areas, hot spots, and sectors (e. . , mining, hydrophone development, forestry) and ensure that policies, laws, and regulations are applied and enforced. Coverage can then be expanded in the medium term. 20. Considerable scope exists for sustainable and inclusive development of Manner’s natural resources through pursuit of a green growth pathway, characterized by source efficiency, sustainable consumption and production, and climate change resiliency.